With the increasing occurrence of wildfires due to climate change and arid conditions, many individuals and communities are at an elevated risk of harm. This guide provides essential information to help you prepare and safeguard yourself and your loved ones.
Impact of Wildfire Smoke on Air Quality
Wildfire smoke significantly degrades air quality. Similar to pollution from the combustion of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and gas, wildfires release harmful gases and particulate matter of various sizes (referred to as PM10, PM2.5, PM0.1), which are detrimental to human health. Additionally, smoke from wildfires contains toxins from the burning of structures and chemical storage facilities.
Smoke can be transported over long distances by weather patterns and jet streams.
Health Effects of Wildfire Smoke
The tiny particles present in wildfire smoke pose the greatest health risk. Inhalation of these particles can penetrate deep into the lungs and even enter the bloodstream.
Health issues associated with wildfire smoke include eye irritation, coughing, wheezing, and respiratory distress. There is also a potential increased risk of respiratory infections such as COVID-19. More severe health consequences may include cardiac failure, myocardial infarction, and cerebrovascular accidents.
Vulnerable Populations
Those particularly susceptible to the effects of wildfire smoke include children, the elderly, outdoor workers, and individuals who are pregnant or have pre-existing heart or lung conditions.
If you have a chronic health condition, consult with your physician about the potential impact of smoke on your health. Determine which symptoms should prompt medical intervention or changes to your medication regimen, especially if you have respiratory or cardiac issues.
Preparing for Wildfire Emergencies
For those living in areas prone to wildfires or where heat and dryness increase the likelihood of such events:
Develop a family evacuation plan in anticipation of a wildfire.
Ensure you have a supply of medications, water, and non-perishable food for several days. This will be beneficial in case of a sudden need to evacuate due to a wildfire or other natural disasters.
Regularly monitor this fire and smoke map, which displays current wildfire conditions and provides links to state advisories.
- Heed alerts from local authorities if you are in an area affected by an active fire.
Mitigating Health Risks During Poor Air Quality
Adopting these six strategies can help maintain your health during wildfire smoke advisories and other periods of poor air quality:
Monitor air quality. AirNow.gov provides real-time air quality risk categories for your area with corresponding activity recommendations. When advised, remain indoors and close all doors, windows, and outdoor air intakes.
Invest in an air purifier. This is also crucial in the absence of regional wildfires if you reside in a poorly ventilated building. See my previous post for advice on pollution and air purifiers